The Netherlands Pavilion at Expo Osaka 2025, Japan – ©AND BV & Plomp
Discover the rich history of Dutch cultural diplomacy and its global impact through art, politics, and partnerships
The History of Cultural Diplomacy in the Netherlands
A Legacy of Cultural Exchange
The Netherlands has a long and rich history of cultural diplomacy. As a small trading nation, the Dutch understood early on the value of international engagement. During the 17th century, known as the Dutch Golden Age, the Netherlands became a global maritime power. Art, science, and trade flourished. Dutch painters like Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Frans Hals gained international fame, showcasing the country’s artistic excellence.
Building Bridges Through Culture
Cultural diplomacy in the Netherlands continued to evolve in the 19th and 20th centuries. Dutch museums, such as the Rijksmuseum and the Van Gogh Museum, became international centers of art and knowledge. Cultural exchange programs brought Dutch students and artists abroad and welcomed foreigners into the country. These efforts helped to create mutual understanding and goodwill.
After World War II, the Netherlands focused on rebuilding not only its economy but also its international relationships. Cultural diplomacy became a vital tool. The Dutch government established organizations to promote Dutch culture overseas. Notable examples include the DutchCulture centre for international cooperation and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ support for cultural programs abroad.
Key Figures and Achievements
Queen Beatrix, who reigned from 1980 to 2013, was a strong supporter of international cultural exchange. Her visits often included cultural programs that highlighted Dutch heritage. Another important figure is former Minister of Foreign Affairs Maxime Verhagen, who emphasized cultural diplomacy as part of foreign policy.
In the world of arts, choreographer Hans van Manen and the Dutch National Ballet gained acclaim across Europe. Architects like Rem Koolhaas and designers such as Marcel Wanders helped shape the global image of Dutch creativity. The Netherlands Film Fund and Dutch Design Week also played major roles in promoting Dutch culture worldwide.
Partnerships and Global Reach
The Netherlands has established strong cultural ties with countries such as Indonesia, South Africa, the United States, and Germany. Long-standing historical connections and shared interests have supported these relations. Dutch embassies around the world often serve as cultural hubs, hosting exhibitions, concerts, and lectures.
The Dutch government supports cultural cooperation through funding programs, public diplomacy efforts, and partnerships with global institutions. Cities like Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and The Hague have sister-city relationships and participate in international festivals and networks.
Looking Forward
Cultural diplomacy remains central to Dutch foreign policy. In a time of global uncertainty, the Netherlands continues to invest in soft power. Upcoming projects include initiatives focused on climate, social inclusion, and peacebuilding through the arts. The aim is to foster dialogue and cooperation across borders.
Young Dutch artists and innovators are stepping into the international spotlight. Digital platforms and creative technologies offer new ways to connect cultures. The Netherlands stands ready to build on its legacy, using culture as a bridge to a more peaceful and sustainable world.